Like with other disinfectants, including the Formula 409 Multi-Surface Cleaner, you will just want to thoroughly rinse your surfaces after applying it with water, especially if you’re applying the cleaner to a food prep area. In 2016, the UK intelligence analysis firm IHS Conflict Monitor issued a report saying that Islamic State (which evolved out of Al-Qaeda in Iraq), has used chemical weapons, including chlorine and sulfur mustard agents, at least 52 times in both Syria and Iraq. Begin by purging the house, including the basement, attic and garage, of items that are no longer needed. Like all galaxies, the Milky Way mostly contains hydrogen and helium, but there are traces of other elements (what astronomers call metals) throughout the galaxy. The team used the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey to compare the Milky Way to 321 other galaxies. For this study, the team wanted to answer the question of what our galaxy would look like when seen from other galaxies. One idea is that the metallicity region was triggered by a collision between the Milky Way and another galaxy. If you have a small, single spot, a handheld cleaner may be the way to go.

Israel believes Iran used PBAs against rebels in the Syrian Civil War, while there are reports that pro-Iranian militias in Iraq may have unleashed them against anti-government protesters. The use of the nerve agent Sarin in Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) by insurgents in Iraq has been documented by the media since 2004 – and in detail by the CIA, which links the substance to lost or pilfered stock from Iraq’s old chemical munitions program. Chlorine IEDs were also first used in Iraq that same year, but it was in 2007 that an aggressive chemical war was launched in Anbar province and other parts of the country by Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), which used chlorine bombs in suicide attacks. Three months later, in what is viewed as the first real CW incident of the Syrian conflict, 26 people – the majority of them (16) Syrian soldiers – were killed in the village of Khan Assal in Aleppo in a reported chlorine attack.

In mid-2012, the Syrian government confirmed for the first time that it had chemical weapons, but stated these were only for use against “external aggression” and never against the Syrian people. Why use a highly provocative weapon that kills only a few dozen people when you can use conventional munitions that can do a cleaner job? Anhydrous sodium hypochlorite can be prepared but, like many hypochlorites, it is highly unstable and decomposes explosively on heating or friction. Baking soda is made of a chemical called sodium bicarbonate. The tutorial below shows how to clean the filter in your sink with just boiling water, baking soda, and a good de-greasing dish soap (like Dawn). It’s good to see the Anti-Odour pod, too, which releases a scent as you vacuum. It’s telling that throughout Syria’s conflict, “massacres” and “chemical attacks” have taken place mostly when militants are facing setbacks or stalemates – or when important events like UN Security Council meetings loom. It’s why the Syrian government unilaterally admitted to its CW program and was so willing to relinquish it under US and Russian supervision. The lab’s occupants, Saudi-backed Jaysh al-Islam, publicly admitted in 2016 to using toxic agents in mortar attacks against Kurds in the Aleppo neighborhood of Sheikh Maqsood.

In Syria, the trouble began in December 2012 when the Al-Qaeda-linked Al-Nusra Front (a former IS ally), took over the country’s only chlorine manufacturing plant, a joint business venture with the Saudis located east of Aleppo. The attack, which claimed somewhere between 300 and 1,700 lives, took place after then-US President Barack Obama swiftly labeled any potential use of chemical weapons by the Syrian government as a “red line” for the United States. This last-minute reversal of Obama’s red-line policy on chemical weapons in Syria was apparently caused by several factors, according to Vanessa Beeley, an independent investigative journalist who specializes in Middle Eastern affairs. Vanessa Beeley is a reader-supported publication. Beeley also observed that “the West has a very limited playbook” as similar tactics are currently being used in Ukraine where Russia is “being held responsible for events that were staged and carried out by the Nazi brigades against Russian-speaking people,” with Bucha being one such example. These plans, however, were ultimately thwarted with Russia’s help and “the tide of terror unleashed by the US/UK-led regime change cartel was turned back,” Beeley said.