Wang OFFICE, introduced in 1985, has sold 5,500 licenses, making it one of the more widely used office automation products on the minicomputer and mainframe markets. It is a very flexible facility, capable of long run times of up to one hour, and able to test large samples in both a stagnation and flat plate configuration. This makes it easy to place objects or characters in front of or behind other things, helps you keep your objects and characters separate from one another, and, like in the old days, lets you set a background to run for a number of frames while you make changes only in the foreground layers. The software can also interpolate (or auto-create) the in-between frames, whereas in the old days, someone had to manually create art for every frame. The concept of layers has also carried over from old school animation. To make up for this, a rule states there can only be 97 leap years over the span of 400 years, not 100 as you might think.

There also might be an empty space around the stage where you can put elements that won’t appear on screen until you move them into the main area. However, they don’t need their neighbors’ help to get from place to place – they can move around on their own. Often you need only consult the help menu, a manual or the Internet to find what you are looking for. You’ll likely need to set the frame rate (the number of frames that will play per second) and the dimensions of your animation (often, but not always, in pixels). You can divide the frame number by the frame rate to see approximately how many seconds that frame is into the animation, or divide the number of frames that make up a particular segment of the animation by frame rate to find the length of the segment. The rest of the frames will just be copies of the previous frame. If you have your frame rate set to 24 frames per second (fps), frames 1 through 24 will represent the first second of the animation, 25 through 48 will be the next second, and so on.

You may even want to do something called “animating on twos,” where you keep a 24 fps setting but only animate every other frame. In animation software, there’s generally a timeline across your application window, usually by frame number, that allows you to time what happens and when. This allows you to build rather complex objects (like vehicles) and characters (robot or animal) and to make them move in realistic ways. Inverse kinematics basically involves reversing the hierarchy and putting the child in charge, so when you want a character to start walking, you move its foot into position and the rest of the leg follows appropriately. This is sometimes called character rigging, and these rigs can be reused. Usually these are available under something called a curve, graph or animation editor. There are a lot of bells and whistles in most animation software that you can use to add to or enhance your final product. There may be tools to draw freeform (pen, pencil and paintbrush tools), erase things, fill areas with color and quickly create specific geometric shapes (flat or three-dimensional, depending upon whether you are working in 2-D or 3-D animation software). The Scott Brownrigg-designed Arm HQ in Cambridge is “heavily cellularised” with team working spaces for no more than 30, internal streets and breakout areas.

Johnson’s time working for NASA would prove to be a more positive experience with regards to racial segregation given NASA’s diversity policies. The easiest way to start animating is to create a simple object using your software’s shape or draw tools (or import one created or saved elsewhere), put the object somewhere in your working area and insert a keyframe into the timeline (the method of inserting keyframes will vary by software, but you can usually do it using a drop-down menu or quick key combination). One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: “NASA Asks American Companies to Deliver Supplies for Artemis Moon Missions” (Press release). You can go even lower, but the lower you go, the more jumpy the animation will look. NASA teams will monitor space station operations throughout the flight from the Mission Control Center at the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. You can even set a pivot point outside of an object to make it rotate around something (possibly handy for space scenes). Maybach set the highest standards and produced less than 2,000 luxury cars in the 20 years between 1921 and 1941. Building on this tradition of quality, DaimlerChrysler resurrected the Maybach brand in 2003 for its new line of ultra-luxury vehicles.