The recent revelations of the fraudulent nature of NASA and the Apollo space program by the Intelligence Service and others has resulted in a flood of propaganda, television programs, and films designed to keep the sheople trapped in a deep ignorant sleep. The directive to wring the most office space out of the existing building was responsible for its narrow corridors and cramped staff offices. Hoover used this as an opportunity to create additional space, excavating a partial basement for staff offices. Other past presidents have used the Hoover desk, the Johnson desk, and the Wilson desk. A number of presidents used this as their private office or library. The Yellow Oval Room as President Grover Cleveland’s private office, 1886. The Resolute desk stands before the windows. In the 19th century, some presidents used the White House’s second-floor Yellow Oval Room as their private offices and libraries. Location of the Yellow Oval Room on the second floor of the White House.

The first desk used in the Oval Office was the Theodore Roosevelt desk, and the desk currently in use by Joe Biden is the Resolute desk. President Franklin D. Roosevelt requested that a panel be installed in the kneehole during his presidency. The story of Franklin and the kite is just one myth about lightning. The company, entering a front room and passing through an unfolding door, made their salutations to the President, and turning off, stood on one side. 1977 with the exception of George H. W. Bush, who used the C&O desk for his one term, making it the shortest-serving desk to date. Most presidents have hung a portrait of George Washington – usually the Rembrandt Peale Porthole portrait or the Charles Willson Peale three-quarter-length portrait – over the mantel at the north end of the room. Some presidents only use the desk in this room for ceremonial purposes, such as photo opportunities and press announcements, while others use it as their main workspace. Of the six desks used in the Oval Office, the Resolute desk has spent the longest time there, having been used by eight presidents in the room.

Oval rooms became common in neoclassical architecture early in the 19th century. Designed by Nathan C. Wyeth and completed in 1909, the office was centered on the building’s south facade, much as the oval rooms in the White House are. He and his successor, President Thomas Jefferson, used Hoban’s oval rooms as Washington had used his bow window salon, standing before the three windows at the south end to receive guests. Architect James Hoban visited President Washington in Philadelphia in June 1792, and probably saw the bow window. President John Adams occupied the Philadelphia mansion from March 1797, and used the bow window in the same manner as had his predecessor. In November 1800, John Adams became the first president to occupy the White House. The next month, Hoban won the design competition for the White House. They are exhibited under glass at the President’s House Commemoration, next to the Liberty Bell Center. Mahaffy is the SAM principal investigator at NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Apollo 16 lifted off on April 16, 1972, from Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Smithsonian Air and Space Museum was a “present” to the nation for its bicentennial and it opened on July 1st, 1976. The signal to cut the ribbon for the ceremony was sent from the Viking I mission.

A context-sensitive sidebar living on the right-hand side makes more sense than consuming 10 percent of the available horizontal space with a bulky ribbon. Similarly, cosmologists working to decipher the origin and fate of the universe must identify with The Boss’ sense of tragic yearning. The Avenue in the Rain by Childe Hassam and Working on the Statue of Liberty by Norman Rockwell flanked the Resolute desk in Bill Clinton’s office and did the same in Barack Obama’s. Avenue in the Rain currently hangs beside the Resolute desk in Joe Biden’s office. A portrait of Abraham Lincoln by George Henry Story hung in George W. Bush’s office, continued in Barack Obama’s and currently hangs in Joe Biden’s. Abraham Lincoln has been the most common subject, in works by sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Gutzon Borglum, Adolph Alexander Weinman, Leo Cherne and others. The West Wing was the idea of President Theodore Roosevelt, brought about by his wife’s opinion that the second floor of the White House, then shared between bedrooms and offices, should be solely a domestic space. He and Gugler devised a room architecturally grander than the previous two offices, with more robust Georgian details: doors topped with substantial pediments, bookcases set into niches, a deep bracketed cornice, and a ceiling medallion of the Presidential Seal.