The 10 experiments below result in some of the most amazing chemical reactions. If you’re turning to a chemical peel as a form of treatment for your acne, you have options. In a small container, mix just enough hydrogen peroxide into the cream of tartar to form a thick paste. The molecular bonds in oils low in saturated fats, which stay liquid at lower temperatures, vary from those high in saturated fats, which often form solids in average temperature ranges. Oily stains on pillowcases can be removed with plain shampoo or even liquid dish detergent. It whittles away stains on all sorts of surfaces, including carpet, hardwood, outdoor furniture, painted walls, and even natural stones like marble (the only surface the brand warns against is metals or stainless steel finishes). Add other resource costs into the equation, such as the gallons of fresh water needed to grow the plants and the amount of fertilizer needed to keep them healthy, and it becomes even harder to equate biofuel with real energy and carbon emission savings. In addition, its small size consumes less energy and therefore costs less to build. But if the tractors that tend the field burn 75 gallons of fuel in the season, the truck to transport the corn to a processor burns 20 gallons on the trip, and the processor uses the energy of 40 gallons of fuel to run its distillation equipment, is the ethanol produced really an environmentally friendly, low-emission fuel?

While technology may eventually narrow those ratios, the input-output energy ratio of modern biofuel production is a major drawback to its widespread use. Careful fertilizer application can help prevent widespread pollution problems, but expanding biofuel production to meet the world’s demand opens the door for more mistakes in this realm. Overuse or inappropriate application can leave excess fertilizer in the soil, which then washes through regional watersheds and into streams, rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. If you are dealing with tougher stains, you need to leave it longer on the surface for stronger penetration. Many unsaturated oils have undesirable burn characteristics: They’ll leave gummy residue in an engine when used as fuel. After all, a better harvest would reduce prices and ensure there’s enough corn or soybeans on hand to feed and fuel the world, right? By that time, the corn had been on the market for a season. That means one bottle will last you a considerably long time, making this pick our best concentrate. ­When attempting to turn a lump of frozen concentrate into a fine bottle of red, it pays to follow directions.

1. Pour the water and tea-tree oil into the spray bottle. Consequently, it makes sense to look for an unsaturated oil as a biofuel source. When carpets begin to look dull and feel sticky, professional shampooing is the only thing that will restore their appearance. The SteriPEN has the physical appearance of a pen and it sterilizes water. Long-time monoculture farms have to use much more artificial fertilizer than their more sustainable peers, increasing water pollution. All of these plants grow better when given fertilizer. The regional nature of high-producing plants such as palm oil means that certain parts of the world are agricultural gold mines: Biofuel demand motivates plantations to expand quickly. The oil in their seeds is pressed out, filtered and converted to fuel using a chemical process. One obvious consideration is the gel, or clouding, point: A fuel that turns solid well above water’s freezing point would not be very useful in a cold location. Monoculture refers to the practice of growing one heavily concentrated crop, rather than the rotation of various crops through a farmer’s fields over time.

But since many popular biofuel crops, such as corn and soybeans, are also popular food sources for much of the world, it stands to reason that the problems related to monoculture could get much worse as consumers demand more biofuel. Unfortunately, that image is also a sign of monoculture, an agricultural problem that could conceivably get much worse due to biofuels. The longer you go without cleaning your sneakers, the harder it is to get the dirt out – so for true sneakerheads, Rocco recommends using wipes to do a minor cleaning every day. Since the true nature of those compounds was sometimes only gradually discovered, it is sometimes very difficult to name one specific discoverer. True database flag set. It seemed like a win-win idea: European demand for biofuel was set to spike, driven in part by regulations aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. But if not done with an eye toward conserving resources and maintaining the spirit of reducing emissions through plant-based fuels, this ramping up of production can lead to greater environmental problems than the ones it’s meant to solve.