Twins are virtually the same genetically, so by sending one Kelly to space while keeping his twin on the ground, NASA was able to compare the results of the two brothers’ tests and make some extrapolations about what might happen to human bodies during long-term spaceflight. A few volcanoes, like ones found on Hawaii, are instead located over magma hotspots. For example, they’ve looked at the state of decay of lead isotopes from rocks, and then compared that to a scale based on calculations of how lead isotopes would change over time. So if an object is moving very fast, or has really powerful gravity acting upon it, time for that object will slow down, compared to an object that is not being subjected to the same forces. A magnet is any object or material that has a magnetic field — that is, a bunch of electrons flowing all around it in the same direction. They’ll inventory material on the surface that might have come up from below, search for the fingerprints of organic compounds that form life’s building blocks, and sample any gases ejected from the moon for evidence of habitability. Molten material beneath the crust of the earth is called magma.

The lower, or subducting, plate’s crust disappears into the Earth’s mantle. When magma leaves the Earth’s crust through volcanic activity, it’s called lava. As the plates move, the Earth’s continents slowly reorganize themselves. The Red Planet’s gravity is lower (about one-third that of Earth’s), but its atmosphere is just 1% the density of Earth’s. The droplets have a different density than the surrounding air, so as sunlight hits them, the droplets act as tiny prisms, bending the light to break it up into its component wavelengths, and then reflecting them back at us. CCSAs show us some of the ups and downs of the age of the telephone monopoly: CCSAs were an innovative concept that was rapidly developed and delivered, first to the government and then to private customers, over a span of just a few years. The U.S. government spends billions each year subsidizing scientific research, and science and engineering graduate programs at U.S. We’re going to start you off easy, with the answers to 10 really basic science questions that everybody should know how to answer. We’ll be addressing pre-scheduled project and other technical questions first, so if that describes your needs, you can read more about how to reserve time with us below.

Folding office furniture like computer chairs and office tables can easily be stored or rearranged as needed, adding a layer of flexibility to any office renovation project. The project wants to use lasers to send thousands of smartphone-sized spacecraft to nearby star system, Alpha Centauri, 4.37 light years away. In the late 1700s, a scientist named the Comte de Buffon heated up a small replica of the planet that he had created and measured the rate at which it cooled, and based upon that data, estimated that Earth was about 75,000 years old. That’s why the sky looks blue during the parts of the day when the sun appears to be high in the sky (though it’s actually the spot on the planet where you are standing that is moving, relative to the sun). So, objects that are solid iron or have a lot of iron in them — nails, for example — are going to be pulled toward a sufficiently powerful magnet. Now, electrons — like rappers from Detroit who wear clown masks, curse a lot, and drink Faygo Cola — like to hook up in pairs, and iron has a lot of unpaired electrons that are all eager to get in on the action.

Hopefully, this won’t disappoint Joni Mitchell fans too much, but clouds are not actually bows of angel hair and ice cream castles in the air. Some scientists have suggested that we could terraform the surface of Mars by sending “factories” that would spew water vapor, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. Now, imagine putting that clock in orbit around Earth, so that it is moving really fast, compared to your position on the surface. Both Vesta and Ceres orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter, in the main asteroid belt. Will the sun ever stop shining? 7: Will the sun ever stop shining? Because the droplets have to reflect the light at us, in order to see a rainbow, we have to be standing with our backs to the sun. The farthest visible galaxies are approximately 3,000 Mpc away, or about 10 billion light years. Blue light has a relatively short wavelength, so it gets through the filter more easily than colors with longer wavelengths, and as a result are scattered more widely as they pass through the atmosphere. The Shuttle Multi-purpose Logistics Module cargo containers are critical for storing and transporting instruments to the International Space Station.