For 1977, the old Torino was refurbished with cleaner exterior sheet metal and “badge-engineered” to pass as a new-wave big car. Sharing a coupe bodyshell and running gear with that year’s new fat-cat Mercury Cougar, this Grand Torino Elite leaned heavily on “Thunderbird tradition” with most every personal-luxury cliche of the period: overstuffed velour interior, a square “formal” grille, stand-up hood ornament, and a vinyl-covered rear half-roof with dual “opera” windows. The 14-model 1971 lineup was basically a carryover of the previous year’s. Ford’s major 1971 announcement was the four-cylinder Pinto, a 2000-pound, 94.2-inch-wheelbase subcompact with fastback styling in two-door and Runabout three-door hatchback ­models. Three-door wagons arrived for 1972, including a woody-look Squire (some called it “Country Squirt”). Though Pinto served Ford well in a difficult period, it will ­forever be remembered as what one wag called “the barbecue that seats four.” That refers to the dangerously vulnerable fuel tank and filler-neck design of 1971-76 sedan models implicated in a rash of highly publicized (and fatal) fires following rear-end collisions. There was also a gesture toward sport in the 1978-80 ESS — for “European Sports Sedan” — but it was only a gesture.

Maverick’s last gesture to the youth market was the Stallion, a 1976 trim package similar to those offered on the Pinto and Mustang II. Initially priced at $4437, the Elite didn’t sell as well as the Monte, though over 366,000 were built through 1976. After that point, a downsized, downpriced T-bird rendered it redundant. A separate sub-cooler reduces the temperature of the carbon dioxide by 2 to 3 °C (3.6 to 5.4 °F) below the boiling point, in an effort to prevent cavitation which could lead to premature degradation of the pump. With minor changes, Maverick would carry the division’s compact sales effort through 1977, which it did tolerably well, though its old-fashioned engineering looked increasingly so with time and the arrival of more-capable domestic and foreign competitors. Ford scored much higher 1970 sales with its new compact Maverick, a semifastback two-door on a 103-inch wheelbase. But when the fuel crunch ­boosted small-car sales, Ford decided to retain Maverick and launch its erstwhile successor as a more-luxurious compact half a step up in price. Arriving just below $2000 and backed by an aggressive but light-hearted ad campaign, this import-fighter scored an impressive 579,000 model-year sales, contributing greatly to Ford’s production ­victory over Chevy.

Maverick’s true successor bowed for 1978 with a name borrowed from Ford’s Australian subsidiary: Fairmont. Billed as the first FoMoCo car designed with the aid of computer analysis, the Fairmont (and its Zephyr twin at Mercury) was a common-sense car and pretty conventional. The “Fox” program that produced Fairmont was one of Ford’s first projects initiated after the 1973-74 energy crisis, but it wasn’t Dearborn’s only attempt at downsizing. It was undoubtedly Dearborn’s single most significant new product of the decade, although few knew that outside the company. Katayama, Lisa. “Fighting water-borne disease in Africa, and making millions in the process.” Fast Company. This explains why the Granada appeared on the four-door Maverick’s 109.9-inch wheelbase. Body-on-frame construction appeared for the first time, and dimensions ballooned close to those of late-’60s Galaxies and LTDs. First fill your machine with with hot water (no clothes). The Cobra fastback coupe remained the most-exciting of this bunch, though its standard engine was downgraded to a 285-bhp version of the ubiquitous 351 small-block first seen for 1969. High-power and big-inch engines began disappearing at Ford and throughout Detroit in 1972. By 1980, only a mildly tuned 351 remained as an option for full-size Fords. Except for engines, the 1972 Torino was all-new — and a big disappointment.

The midsize Torino proved exceptionally popular in the early ’70s, then fell from favor once fuel economy became a pressing consumer concern. Equally dismal was the tarted-up Torino bowing at mid-1974 to answer Chevy’s popular Monte Carlo. It’s the difference, again, between growing a small plot of tomatoes for local use and running an industrialized farm. Use water and just a small amount of dish soap or just distilled white vinegar for streak-free windows. What ­really put Pinto out to pasture after 1980 was not bad publicity but relative lack of change — and the advent of a much better small Ford. Chemical change examples include chemical reaction which develops the dye in the colour and creates a chemical change in the hair. In fact, it can also be a chemical storage or hazardous material storage. Therefore, there’s no doubt it can transform a flawed wood into a stunning, new surface. The discoloring can take weeks to fade out naturally. Here are some simple measures you can take to improve the safety of your home. In pure form, it’s a silver-gray metal, able to take a high polish, but it accumulates a dull oxidation layer after exposure to air. While the plant’s ability to take up VOCs is well documented in laboratory studies, the effect of plants on indoor air in complex environments like offices requires further investigations to clarify the full capacity of plants in real-life settings.